Insightful Analytics
Krunal Lathiya 
Data occasionally comes in various formats, including numeric values stored as text (characters) or categories (factors). When preparing the data for further analysis, you must ensure it is in the correct format. To perform numerical operations, you need these in numeric format, and that’s where as.numeric() function comes into play! as.numeric() function R as.numeric() function … Read more
When you don’t know the size of your data, you can use the “list” data structure as you can grow or shrink based on your requirements. In many data operations, we build up results piece by piece, appending them to a list as we go. To grow the list, you can add an element (numeric … Read more
To convert a list to a numeric value in R, you can combine the unlist() function and the as.numeric() function. The “unlist()” function produces a vector that contains all the atomic components and the as.numeric() function returns a numeric value or converts any value to a numeric value. Syntax as.numeric(unlist(data)) Parameters data: It is the data … Read more
The lwd in R is used to specify the width of plot lines. It is a parameter that can be set in various plotting functions, such as plot(), lines(), abline(), etc. Syntax of lwd parameter plot( x, y, pch = 1, cex = 1, col = 1, bg = 0, lwd = 1, lty = … Read more
To convert a double or float to an integer, you can use the “as.integer()” function. Syntax as.integer(x) Parameters x: It is the object. Return value It returns an integer object. Visual representation Example 1: Converting a float to an integer r_float <- 11.21 print(r_float) print(typeof(r_float)) r_int <- as.integer(r_float) print(r_int) print(typeof(r_int)) Output [1] 11.21 [1] “double” … Read more
The dirname() function in R is used to extract the path to the directory from a full file path. Essentially, it returns the directory part of a file path, excluding the file name. This function is often used in conjunction with other file-handling functions like basename() (which extracts the file name) and file.path() (for constructing … Read more
The month.abb is a built-in R constant, a three-letter abbreviation for the English month names. Example 1: Basic usage month.abb Output [1] “Jan” “Feb” “Mar” “Apr” “May” “Jun” “Jul” “Aug” “Sep” “Oct” “Nov” “Dec” Example 2: Changing abbreviations to numerical month values If you have a vector of integers consisting of the number of the month, then … Read more
The seq_along() function in R is used to generate a sequence of integers along the length of its argument. Syntax seq_along(len) Parameters len: It takes a length as an argument. Return value It returns an integer vector unless it is a long vector when it will be double. Example 1: Basic usage of seq_along() seq_along(LETTERS[1:5]) … Read more
Pi is a built-in R constant whose value is 3.141593. Pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Syntax pi Visual representation Example 1: Basic usage print(pi) Output [1] 3.141593 Example 2: Exponential value of pi To calculate the exponential value of pi, use the exp() function. exp(pi) Output [1] … Read more
