Logical operators carry out Boolean operations like AND, OR, NOT, etc. The logical operators can operate on raw, logical, and number-like vectors. Moreover, logical operators allow us to change or compare the results. There are various types of operators available in R, and logical is one of them; we will talk about the OR operator. … Read more
Creating a vector is easy, and there are four ways to generate it. Each method creates a vector, but you can use the specific method for specific scenarios. Elements of a vector are called Components. What is Vector in R? R Vector is a fundamental data structure that contains elements of the same type. Use … Read more
R list is one of the most versatile data types thanks to its ability to adapt heterogeneous elements. R does not have a built-in array data type, but it has a list. What is a list? A list is an R object consisting of an ordered collection of objects. The list is a one-dimensional, heterogeneous data … Read more
The average of a number represents the middle or central value in the data set. For example, the mode, median, or mean is calculated by dividing the sum of the values set by their number count. The mathematical formula for calculating the average is the following. How to calculate the Average in R To calculate … Read more
Adding elements to a list is a fairly common task in R, so the language provides methods and operators to help you with this operation. However, before deep diving into appending to a list, let’s see what a list is and how to create it. What is a List in R? The list is a … Read more
R does not come with a standard error function. You need to create a standard error function or use a package like plotrix to calculate. Standard Error in R The standard error in R is just the standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size. The variance of the sampling distribution is … Read more
The natural log in mathematics is the logarithm to the base of the number e, which is the inverse function of an exponential function. Natural logs are specific logarithms used to solve time and growth problems. Natural log in R To calculate the natural log in R, use the ln() function. The ln() is a … Read more
Statisticians usually need to take the dataset samples and then calculate the statistics. Taking a sample is easy with R because of the sample() method, as it is nothing more than a subset of data. R sample The sample() in R is a built-in function that takes a sample of the specified size from the … Read more
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application used for creating, organizing, analyzing, and saving data in tables and has widespread use in many different applications. R is a statistical data analysis language, and data is its core. So to bridge the gap between Excel sheets and R language, R has implemented functions we can use to … Read more
Finding the length of vectors, factors, arrays, or lists is a common operation. Length in R To get the length of vectors, lists, factors, or other objects in R, use the length() method. Syntax length(data) Parameters The length() function accepts data as a required parameter that can be either vector, factor, list, or other objects. Return Value … Read more