Krunal Lathiya 
To check if a vector contains a specific element in R, you can use the %in% operator or the any() function with the == operator or is.element() function. Method 1: Using the %in% operator The easiest way to check if a vector contains an element in R, use the %in% operator. # Create a sample … Read more
The any() is a built-in R logical function that tests whether at least one element in a given logical vector is TRUE. It returns a single logical value: TRUE if at least one element is TRUE, and FALSE if all elements are FALSE. Syntax any(x, na.rm = FALSE) Parameter values x: A logical vector or … Read more
The is.element() is a built-in R function that checks if one or more elements are present in a given vector. The function returns a logical vector of the same length as the first input, with each element set to TRUE if the corresponding element is found in the second input and FALSE otherwise. Syntax is.element(element, … Read more
To sample random rows from a data frame in R, you can use the sample_n() function from the dplyr package or use base R functions like the sample() and nrow(). Method 1: Using the sample_n() function from dplyr package You can use the sample_n() function to sample random rows from a data frame. library(dplyr) # … Read more
To write lines of text to a file in R, you can use the writeLines() function. The writeLines() function writes single or multiple text lines to a file. # Define the lines of text you want to write to the file lines_of_text <- c( “Bard Simpson”, “Homer Simpson”, “Lisa Simpson” ) # Specify the file … Read more
The writeLines() is a convenient built-in function in R for writing text lines to a file. It takes a character vector, where each element represents a line of text, and writes the lines to a specified file. If the file does not exist, it will be created; if it already exists, its contents will be … Read more
To convert data.frame columns from factors to character columns, you can use the lapply() function and as.data.frame(). Example # Create sample data with factor columns data <- data.frame( group = factor(c(“A”, “B”, “C”, “A”, “B”, “C”)), label = factor(c(“X”, “Y”, “Z”, “Y”, “Z”, “X”)), stringsAsFactors = TRUE ) # Print the original data with factor columns print(data) … Read more
To sum a variable by a group in R, you can use the following methods. Method 1: Using the aggregate() function Method 2: Using the dplyr package Method 3: Using the data.table package Method 1: Using the aggregate() function You can use the aggregate() function or the dplyr package to sum a variable by group. … Read more
There are many methods to change the legend title in ggplot2 depending on the type of aesthetic mapping used in your plot, but we will see the two methods. Method 1: Using the labs() function Method 2: Using the scale_fill_discrete() function Method 1: Using the labs() function To change a legend title in ggplot2, you … Read more
To unload a package without restarting in R, you can use the detach() function with unload argument set to TRUE. The detach() function takes the arguments package:<package_name> and the unload argument TRUE to ensure the package is fully unloaded. library(ggplot2) # Unload ggplot2 package detach(package:ggplot2, unload=TRUE) First, we loaded the ggplot2 package using the library() function and then … Read more