Insightful Analytics
Krunal Lathiya 
The log() function calculates the natural logarithm (base e) of a numeric vector. By default, it calculates natural log, but can also calculate to any base. The above figure shows that the output is the log of an input value 11. This method is mostly used in data scaling, mathematical transformation, and statistical modeling. Syntax … Read more
In R, you can use the dollar sign ($ operator) to access elements (columns) of a list or a data frame by their name. It also works with your environment. For example, it can fetch you the current environment variables. With its help, you can add, modify, or delete variables from the list and data … Read more
The abs() function calculates the absolute value of a numeric input, returning a non-negative (only positive) value by removing any sign. Usage of absolute value is high in fields like mathematical computations (mean absolute errors), statistical analysis, and data cleaning in ML tasks. Syntax abs(input) Parameters Argument Description input It defines the input object. It … Read more
When working with R in an interactive mode, you don’t need to use any functions or methods to print the result of your expressions; it will print them automatically. Simply typing a variable or expression will print its value. data <- 42 data # [1] 42 However, you need functions to see the output if … Read more
To calculate the sample variance (measurement of spreading) in R, you should use the built-in var() function. It calculates the sample variance (using n−1 for unbiased estimation, where n is the sample size). By default, it does not calculate the population variance. Variance measures how spread out a set of numbers is around the mean … Read more
The tryCatch() function acts as a mechanism for handling errors and other conditions (like warnings or messages) that arise during code execution in R. It allows you to define custom behaviors when an error occurs instead of stopping the execution of the script. The tryCatch() function lets you define custom handlers for four conditions. Each … Read more
The grep() function in R searches for matches to a pattern within a character vector. It returns indices or values of elements that match the pattern. It is part of a family of functions that includes grepl(), regexpr(), gregexpr(), sub(), and gsub(). Syntax grep( pattern, char, ignore.case = FALSE, value = FALSE, invert = FALSE, perl … Read more
Whether you are reading or writing files via programs in the file system, it is necessary to check if that file already exists. If you don’t put a check in place, it can lead to either a program crash or an error. Checking if the file exists The most efficient way to check if the … Read more
When it comes to checking the data type of a variable, it depends on what specific thing you are looking for in a variable, because you have many options to choose from. Each option tells you a different but important story. There are four main core functions to check data types in R: typeof(): It … Read more
The grepl() function (stands for “grep logical”) in R searches for patterns within each element of a character vector. It returns a logical vector of the same length as input, where each value is either TRUE or FALSE. If the pattern matches that specific element, it returns TRUE. Otherwise, it returns FALSE. The above figure … Read more
