To create a list in R, you can use the “list()” function. The “list()” function accepts single or multiple arguments and returns the list. lt <- list(“SBF”, “Alameda”) print(lt) Output [[1]] [1] “SBF” [[2]] [1] “Alameda” You can see that we created a list with two elements. To print the data in the console, use … Read more
The c() function in R is “used to combine or concatenate its argument”. The c() stands for “combine”. It returns the output by giving parameters inside the function. Syntax c(…, recursive = FALSE, use.names = TRUE) Parameters …: They are the objects to be concatenated. recursive: It is logical. If recursive = TRUE, the function recursively … Read more
The ln() function in R is “used to calculate the natural log of the input vector”. The default setting of the ln() function is to return the natural logarithm of a value. Syntax ln(x) ln1p() lg() lg1p(x) E lb() Parameters x: It is a numeric or complex vector. Examples We define ln() and ln1p() as … Read more
The semTools package in R provides several useful tools for structural equation modeling, including a function to calculate the Average Variance Extracted (AVE), often used in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). How to install the semTools package in R To install the semTools package in R, use the install.packages() function. It installs packages from CRAN (the … Read more
Method 1: Using the c() function To create a vector in R, the easiest way is to use the “c()” function. The c() function combines its arguments. rv <- c(11, 46) print(rv) Output [1] 11 46 You can see that we created a vector rv using the c() function. It has two elements, 11 and 46. … Read more
The error “object of type ‘closure’ is not subsettable” occurs when you “try to subset a function in R”. The error occurs because functions cannot be accessed or subsetted like other objects, such as vectors or data frames. Reproduce the error data_func <- function(x) { x <- x * 2 return(x) } # define data … Read more
There are the following methods to print string and list in R. Using the “print()” function. Using the “cat()” function. Use the “str()” function. Method 1: Using the print() function An efficient and easiest way to print a string in R is to use the “print()” function. The print() is a built-in function that takes … Read more
To lint a code in R, you can use the “lint()” function from the “lintr package”. The lintr package is a linter for R code, which checks your code for potential errors and helps you follow best practices for writing clean, readable code. How to install the lintr package in R? To install the lintr package, … Read more
To calculate the average by the group in R, you can use the “aggregate()”, “dplyr package’s group_by() function”, or “data.table” package. Method 1: Using aggregate() function The easiest way to calculate the average of a variable by the group in R is to use the “aggregate()” function. The aggregate() function is “used to apply a function … Read more
To count the number of rows in R, you can use the “nrow()” function. The “nrow()” function accepts the data frame as an argument and returns an integer value suggesting the number of rows in the data frame. Syntax nrow(data) Parameters The data can be a matrix, vector, array, or data frame. Example Let’s create … Read more