How to Count Unique Values by Group in R

What do you mean by counting unique values by group? Well, it means you divide the dataset into subsets based on the values of one or more categorical variables (columns), and within each subset, you determine the number of distinct (unique) values in a specific column.

Here are three ways to count unique values by group:

1. Using group_by() and summarise() from dplyr
2. Using aggregate()
3. Using data.table

Let’s say we have a sample data frame like below image:

Now, we want to count unique names grouped by gender. So, the output looks like the below image:

The above output image shows that in the Female gender, there are three unique names, and in the Male gender category, there are four unique names.

Let’s implement this result using the methods mentioned above.

Method 1: Using dplyr’s group_by() and summarise()

The dplyr::group_by() function will divide the data frame based on categorical variables, and then the  dplyr::summarise() function, with the help of the n_distinct() method, counts the distinct values in the specific column.

library(dplyr)


df_people <- data.frame(
  Name = c("Krunal", "Ankit", "Niva", "Vidisha", "Rushabh", "Khushbu", "Dhaval"),
  Gender = c("Male", "Male", "Female", "Female", "Male", "Female", "Male"),
  stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)

print(df_people)

# Count of unique people in each Gender using dplyr

df_people %>%
  group_by(Gender) %>%
  summarise(Count_by_Gender = n_distinct(Name))

Output

library(dplyr)


# Use built-in dataset mtcars
# Count the number of cars in each cylinder group and gear

mtcars %>%
  group_by(cyl, gear) %>%
  summarise(Count_by_Cylinder = n())

Output

In this code, the n() function counts the number of observations (cars) in each (cyl, gear) group.

Method 2: Using aggregate()

The aggregate() function accepts (value_column ~ group_by_column), data frame, and function that does the counting in our case and returns the subset of unique counting group_wise.

df_people <- data.frame(
  Name = c("Krunal", "Ankit", "Niva", "Vidisha", "Rushabh", "Khushbu", "Dhaval"),
  Gender = c("Male", "Male", "Female", "Female", "Male", "Female", "Male"),
  stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)

print(df_people)


# Count of people in each Gender using aggregate() function

unique_names <- aggregate(Name ~ Gender, df_people, function(x) length(unique(x)))

# Rename the output column for clarity
names(unique_names)[2] <- "Count_by_Gender"

print(unique_names)

Output

After getting the output data frame, we assign a new name to the output data frame called “unique_names” using the names() function.

Method 3: Using data.table

If you are working with a large dataset, you should use data.table instead of data.frame. Why? Because it uses optimized indexing, avoids unnecessary data duplication, and performs reference-based operations.

You need to install data.table package if you have not, and then load it at the start of the file.

Let’s count a unique number of observations based on the cyl and gear groups of the mtcars data set using the data.table.

library(data.table)

mtcars_dt <- as.data.table(mtcars)

mtcars_dt[, .(Count_by_Cylinder = .N), by = .(cyl, gear)]

Output

That’s all!