How to Calculate Cross Correlation in R

How to Calculate Cross Correlation in R

To calculate cross-correlation in R, use the “ccf()” function. It calculates the sample crosscorrelation (covariance) function of x and y up to lag. Cross-correlation measures the similarity between two-time series as a function of the displacement of one relative to the other. It is a useful tool in signal processing and time series analysis to … Read more

How to Calculate Point-Biserial Correlation in R

How to Calculate Point-Biserial Correlation in R

To calculate the Point-Biserial correlation, use the “cor.test()“ function. The correlation coefficient is a value between -1 and 1, suggesting the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the two variables, where: -1 suggests a perfectly negative correlation between the two variables. 0 suggests no correlation between the two variables. 1 suggests a perfectly … Read more

How to Calculate Partial Correlation in R

How to Calculate Partial Correlation in R

The pcor() function in R is used to calculate the partial correlations. Partial correlation measures the degree of association between two variables while controlling for the effect of one or more additional variables. This is particularly helpful in statistical analysis when you need to understand the relationship between two variables by removing the effect of … Read more

How to Calculate Correlation Between Multiple Variables in R

How to Calculate Correlation Between Multiple Variables in R

To calculate the correlation between two variables in R, use the “cor()” function. Correlation Between Two Variables Syntax cor(df$column1, df$column2) Parameters df: It is the input dataframe. column1, column2: It is the column1 correlated with column2. Visual representation Example 1 # Create a DataFrame df <- data.frame( x = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), y … Read more

Covariance and Correlation in R [Real-time Project]

Covariance and Correlation in R [Real-time Project]

Covariance and correlation are fundamental concepts in statistics, and understanding them is essential for many types of data analysis. What is Covariance? A covariance matrix is a square matrix that shows the covariance between different variables of a data frame. It helps us understand the relationship between different variables in a dataset. Covariance is the statistical measure … Read more

How to Calculate a Trimmed Mean in R

How to Calculate a Trimmed Mean in R

To calculate a Trimmed mean in R, use the “mean()” function with the “trim” parameter. A trimmed mean involves removing a specified percentage of the smallest and largest values before computing the mean. Syntax mean(data, trim) Parameters data: It is the input data. trim: It is the value percent to be removed. Visual representation Example … Read more

R identity() Function

R identity() Function

The identity() function in R simply returns its input unchanged. Syntax identity(x) Parameters x: It is an Object. Visual representation Example: Usage of identity() function vec <- c(1, 2, 3, 4) identity(vec) Output [1] 1 2 3 4 Related posts print() function Difference between cat() and print() cat() function Krunal LathiyaKrunal Lathiya is a seasoned … Read more

R mad()(Median Absolute Deviation) Function

R mad()(Median Absolute Deviation) Function

The mad() function in R is used to calculate the median absolute deviation. MAD is a measure of variability; it represents the average distance between each data point and the mean of the data set. It is a robust measure of variability, meaning it’s less influenced by outliers in the data compared to the standard … Read more

How to Calculate MSE (Mean Squared Error) in R

How to Calculate MSE (Mean Squared Error) in R

Mean Squared Error (MSE) is used to assess the accuracy of a model’s predictions. It calculates the average of the squares of the differences between the observed values and the values predicted by the model. Here are the two ways to calculate MSE: Using MSE() from MLMetrics package. Using custom function Method 1: Using MSE() from … Read more