Insightful Analytics
Krunal Lathiya 
The square root of a number is a value that is multiplied by itself, giving the original number. For example, the square root of 16 is 4 because if you multiply 4 by 4, it will give us 16, so the original number is 4. To calculate the square root of a number, vector, matrix, … Read more
Duplicate rows refer to all the values across all columns that are the same in two or more rows. To avoid redundant data, we must remove duplicates from a data frame. For example, if the same row appears three times in a data frame, we must remove two rows because they are duplicates of one … Read more
A vector is a data structure that holds the same type of data. When working with real-time data, it may contain missing data, and it can be represented by NA (not available). For a proper data analysis, we need to exclude NA values from the vector. Now, you may have one question in your mind. … Read more
For string operations like comparing strings, data standardization, formatting output, or input validation, we may want to convert the input to uppercase (or lowercase, depending on the situation) to ensure consistency and prevent errors caused by inconsistent capitalization. The toupper() function converts a string to an upper case. It accepts an input string and converts … Read more
No matter how much technology has improved over the years for storing and sharing data, one format is still widely used in the industry: Excelsheet, which has file extensions like “.xls” or “.xlsx.“ Here are three ways to import Excel files in R: Using the readxl package (Efficient way) Using xlsx package RStudio’s Import Dataset tool For this tutorial’s … Read more
Most real-world data resides in external sources, including CSVs, Excels, Texts, or Databases. To bring back the data from these external sources, we need a bridge or function that we can use to analyze these data into our R ecosystem and further manipulate it to get the required results. That’s where a base function like … Read more
When you are working with large datasets, you often come across names that are in inconsistent formats or capitalization. To solve this problem, we need to standardize the format to improve data quality and consistency. One way to standardize is by converting the first letter of each word to uppercase. The most efficient way to … Read more
The names() function in R gets or sets the names of objects such as vectors, lists, or data frames. If you are using it to fetch the name, it will return a character vector containing the names assigned to its elements or columns. Syntax names(obj) # To get names names(obj) <- value # To set names Parameters Name Value … Read more
Here are four ways to append rows to a data frame in R: Using dplyr::bind_rows() (Efficient Way) Using rbind() Using nrow() Using dplyr::add_row() Method 1: Using dplyr::bind_rows() The most efficient way to append a single or multiple rows to a data frame is to use the “dplyr::bind_rows()” function. This function accepts a data frame and the … Read more
When you convert a list to a matrix, you are essentially taking the elements of a list and rearranging them into a two-dimensional structure with rows and columns. To convert a list to the matrix in R, use the matrix() function and pass the unlist() function as an argument. The unlist() function flattens a list into a … Read more
