Here are the four ways to add a column to a data frame in R: Using $ operator Using square ([ ]) notation Using cbind() function Using add_column() function from the “tidyverse” package Method 1: Using the $ operator df <- data.frame( col1 = c(1, 2, 3), col2 = c(4, 5, 6), col3 = c(7, 8, 9) … Read more
The structure() function in R is used to describe a given object with given attributes. Syntax structure(.Data, …) Parameters .Data: an object that will have various attributes attached to it. …: attributes, specified in tag = value form, will be attached to data. Example 1: Usage of structure() function mat <- structure(1:6, dim = 2:3) … Read more
The setdiff() function in R is used to find differences between two sets. For example, if x = c(1, 2, 3) and y = c(2, 4), setdiff(x, y) function returns c(1, 3). Syntax setdiff(x, y) Parameters x: It is either a vector or data frame. y: It is either a vector or data frame. Return value It returns … Read more
The seq_len() function in R is used to generate a sequence of numbers from 1 to a specified number. For example, seq_len(5) will return 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Syntax seq_len(num) Parameters num: It is a specified number. Example 1: Usage of seq_len() function seq_len(1) seq_len(2) seq_len(6) Output [1] 1 [1] 1 2 [1] 1 … Read more
The read.xlsx() function in R is used to read data from an Excel file into a data frame. It is part of the xlsx package, which can be installed from CRAN. To use the read.xlsx() function, you need to install the “openxlsx“ package. install.package(“openxlsx”) Syntax read.xlsx( xlsxFile, sheet = 1, startRow = 1, colNames = … Read more
To calculate the square root of a number, vector, matrix, or list in R, you can use the sqrt() function. For example, sqrt(16) returns 4, and sqrt(c(1, 4, 9)) returns c(1, 2, 3). Visual Representation Figure 1: Square root of a vector The figure shows that we are finding the square root of the rv vector, which … Read more
The trunc() function in R is used to truncate the values in the decimal places. Truncation means removing the decimal places of a number without rounding. For example, trunc(3.14) returns 3 and trunc(-2.7) returns -2. It acts as a “ceiling()” function for negative numbers and a “floor()” function for positive numbers. Syntax trunc(data) Parameters data: … Read more
The basename() function in R is used to remove all paths up to and including the last path separator (if any) from a given path name. Syntax basename(path) Parameters path: It is a character vector containing path names. Example Let’s define a file path of the current working directory + file name and pass this … Read more
The aggregate() function in R is used to get the summary statistics of the data by the group. Syntax aggregate(x, by, FUN) Parameters x: It is an R object. by: It is a list of grouping items, each as long as the variables in the data frame x. FUN: It is a function to compute the summary … Read more
The fromJSON() function is used to convert a JSON into an R object. It reads the content in JSON format and de-serializes it into logical, integers, real numbers, strings, arrays, and lists. Syntax fromJSON( json_str, file, method = “C”, unexpected.escape = “error”, simplify = TRUE ) Parameters json_str: It is a JSON object to convert. file: It … Read more
