Levels in R are a way of defining the possible values of a factor variable. A factor variable is a categorical variable that can have one of a fixed set of values. For example, if you have a variable called gender, it can have two levels: male and female. You can use the levels() function … Read more
The write.csv() is a built-in R function that writes data into a CSV file. It takes a data frame as data, a filepath as a file, and exports it to that file. Syntax write.csv(x, file, traitsAsDir = FALSE, csv2 = TRUE, row.names = FALSE, fileEncoding = “UTF-8” …) Parameters x: It is a data frame … Read more
The gl() function in R generates factors by specifying the pattern of their levels. It takes two integers as input which indicates how many levels and how many times each level and returns factors. Syntax gl(n, k, length = n*k, labels = seq_len(n), ordered = FALSE) Parameters n: It is an integer giving the number … Read more
The read.csv() function in R reads comma-separated value (CSV) files into a data frame. It is a wrapper function for read.table() that specifies a comma as a separator and uses the first line of the file as column names. Syntax read.csv(“path to csv file”) Parameters The read.csv() function takes a csv file or path to … Read more
The structure() is a built-in R function that returns an object with additional attributes. It helps create datasets within your code or display the internal structure of an R object. For example, you can create a data frame with specific names, classes, and dimensions. Syntax structure(.Data, …) Parameters .Data: an object which will have various … Read more
The dim() function in R is used to get or set the dimensions of a matrix, array, or data frame. It returns the number of rows and columns as a vector or sets them if you assign a value. For example, dim(m) returns the dimensions of m, and dim(m) <- c(3, 4) changes m to … Read more
Add a column to dataframe in R There are the following methods to add a column to an R data frame. Method 1: Using the $ operator Method 2: Using the square ([ ]) brackets Method 3: Using the cbind() function Method 1: Adding a column using the $ operator To add a new column in the … Read more
The ceiling() is a built-in R function that rounds up to the nearest integer. For example, ceiling(3.14) returns 4. Syntax ceiling(x) Parameters The ceiling() function accepts one parameter whose value needs to be rounded off. If the x parameter is a positive or negative numeric value, the ceiling function returns the ceiling value. If it … Read more
Use the sqrt() function to calculate the square root of a numeric value or a vector in R. For example, sqrt(16) returns 4, and sqrt(c(1, 4, 9)) returns c(1, 2, 3). Syntax sqrt(n) Parameters The sqrt() function accepts only one parameter, which takes n as a number. Return value It returns the square root of the … Read more
In R, the map() function is part of the purrr package, allows you to apply a function to each element of a vector or list, and returns the results as a new list. Syntax map(rv, func, …) Parameters The rv is an atomic vector or list. The func is a function, formula, or atomic vector. If it is a … Read more