Text in R is represented by character vectors. The text often is referred to as a string in computer programming. A character vector is a vector consisting of characters. To assign a value to a character vector, use the <- (left arrow) operator. To find the length of the character vector, use the length() function. … Read more
To represent a string or character vector values in R, you can use one of the following. Single quotation mark( ‘ ‘ ) Double quotation mark( ” ” ) Let’s see how to print double quotes in R. dQuote() Function in R The dQuote() is a built-in R function used to convert the given string or … Read more
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application used for creating, organizing, analyzing, and saving data in tables and has widespread use in many different applications. R is statistical data analysis language and data is its core. So to bridge the gap between Excel sheets and R language, R has implemented functions that we can use to … Read more
The pnorm() is a built-in R function that calculates the c. d. f. where X is normal. Optional arguments described on the on-line documentation specify the parameters of the particular normal distribution. pnorm() Function in R The pnorm() is an inbuilt R function that returns the value of the cumulative density function (cdf) of the … Read more
The dnorm() function gives the density. The pnorm() function gives the distribution function. The qnorm() function gives the quantile function. The rnorm() function generates random deviates. dnorm() in R The dnorm() function in R means the density function of the normal distribution. For a discrete distribution (like the binomial) in R, use the dnorm() function … Read more
The rnorm() function generates a random number using a normal(bell curve) distribution. The rnorm() function simulates random variates having a specified normal distribution. What is Normal Distribution in R The normal distribution is the collection of random data from independent sources is distributed normally. We get the bell shape curve by plotting a graph with … Read more
The toString() function first covers its argument into a character vector and then concatenates the result’s elements if the length is greater than 1. In R, a string is a vector of characters, and all scalars are one-dimensional vectors. In R, there is no built-in string data type. Instead, it is called character, and you … Read more
The log() function computes logarithms; by default, it calculates the natural logarithms. The log10() function computes common (for example, base 10) logarithms. The log2() function computes binary (i.e., base 2) logarithms. The common log(x, base) function computes logarithms with base. log10 in R The log10() is an inbuilt R mathematical function that calculates the base … Read more
The log() function computes logarithms, by default, it calculates the natural logarithms. The log10() function computes common (for example, base 10) logarithms. The log2() function computes binary (i.e., base 2) logarithms. The common log(x, base) function computes logarithms with base. log2 in R The log2() is an inbuilt R mathematical function that calculates the binary … Read more
The atan2 is a mathematical function that returns the arctangent of the two numbers x and y. It is similar to calculating the arctangent of y / x, except that the signs of both arguments are used to determine the quadrant of the result. atan2() Function in R The atan2(y, x) is an inbuilt R … Read more